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Term
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Definition
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Admeasurement
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The confirmed or official dimensions of a ship.1
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Aft
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In, near, or toward the stern of the vessel.1
The term is used in the context of maritime navigation, engineering and construction.
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AHT (Anchor-handling tug)
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A tug that moves, anchors and tows drilling vessels, lighters and so on. 1
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Articles of Agreement
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A document containing all particulars relating to the terms of agreement between the Master of the vessel and the crew. Sometimes called ship�s articles, shipping articles. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of maritime law and arbitration.
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Ballast
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Heavy substances which are loaded by a vessel to improve stability, trimming, sea-keeping, and to increase the immersion at the propeller. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of marine design, environmental engineering and safety.
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Ballast Movement
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A voyage or voyage leg made without any paying cargo in a vessel�s tanks. To maintain proper stability, trim, or draft, sea water is usually carried during such movements. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of maritime environmental engineering and safety.
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Ballast Tank
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Compartments at the bottom of a ship or on the sides which are filled with liquids to keep the ship stable and seaworthy. 1
It also refers to any shipboard tank or compartment normally used for carrying salt water ballast. Also called segregated ballast tanks when the compartments/tanks are not connected with the cargo system. 1
The term is commonly used in marine engineering and safety
<http:www.westpandi.com/WestPandI/LossPrevention/Bulletins>
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Bow
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The foremost part of a ship. 2
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, construction and navigation.
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Breakbulk
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Cargo that is shipped in packing units such as cartons, cases, crates, bales, or drums, rather than containers
The term is used in the context of international shipping, trade and terminal operations.
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Bulk
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Cargo usually of a homogeneous nature which are shipped in a loose condition. 2
Cargoes which are shipped unpackaged either dry (such as grain, ore) or liquid (petroleum products)
The term is commonly used in international maritime economics and trade
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Bulk Carrier
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A ship which is specifically designed to transport vat amounts of cargoes such as sugar, grain, wine, ore, chemicals, liquefied natural gas, coal and oil. 2
The term is frequently used in the context of maritime logistics, engineering and trade.
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Bulkhead
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Any vertical partition which separates different compartments or spaces from one another.1
This term is frequently used in the context of marine engineering and safety
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Bunker
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Fuel consumed by the engines of a ship; also refers to compartments or tanks in a ship for fuel storage.1
The term is frequently used in the context of marine design, engineering, safety and trade
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Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF)
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An adjustment, applied by shipping lines and/or shipping conferences to offet the fluctuations in the cost of bunker fuel.
This term is often used in the context of liner shipping and conferences
<http://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/paftad/documents/Conference.Papers/Paper%20Shipping%20Cartel.PDF>
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Capesize
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A vessel that is designed to transit the Cape of Good Hope with maximum cargo, but which is too large to pass through the Suez Canal. 1
The term is frequently used in marine design, engineering, logistics and trade.
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Cargo Manifest
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An invoice of all cargo loaded on board a vessel. Listing of all cargo on board a vessel is required by the relevant local authorities.
Same as manifest. 6
The term is frequently used in the context of maritime logistics and trade.
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Cargo Preference
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Also known as cargo reservation. Refers to the act of reserving a portion of a nation�s imports and exports to national-flag vessels. 1
The term is used in the context of international trade and maritime logistics.
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Cargo Plan
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A plan giving the quantities and description of the various grades carried in the ship�s cargo tanks, after the loading is completed. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime trade and logistics.
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Carriers
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Owners or operators of vessels providing transportation to shippers. The term also refers to the vessels themselves. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime logistics, terminal operations, trade.
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C.I.F
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Cost, Insurance and Freight.
The price quoted by the exporter, C.I.F includes the ocean transportation costs and insurance coverage. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime finance and trade.
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Common Carrier
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A shipowner whose ships are for hire to the general public. The common carrier must posts rates and cannot discriminate against customers whose cargo he is equipped to carry. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime law, logistics and trade
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Conference
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An affliation of shipowners operating over the same route(s) who agree to charge uniform rates and other terms of carriage. Conference carriers are common carriers. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime law, trade and the supply side issues of container shipping
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Consignee
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A person to whom something is consigned or shipped and entitled to take delivery. 6
The term is used in the context of maritime law and trade.
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Container
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A large rectangular or square steel box, into which cargo is loaded and transported. It opens from one side to allow cargo to be stacked and stowed into it. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of container shipping and terminal operations, and logistics.
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Container Ship
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A vessel carrying dry and general cargo in containers (boxes), some of which may be refrigerated. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of container shipping and terminal operations, and logistics.
sources:-
Slack, B., Comtois, C. & McCalla, R., (2002), "Strategic Alliances in the container shipping industry: a global perspective", Maritime Policy and Management, 29, 1, 65-76.
Ryoo D.K., Thanopoulou H. A., (1999), "Liner alliances in the globalization era: a strategic tool for Asian container carriers", Maritime Policy and Management, 26, 4, 349-367.
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C.O.A
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Contract of Affreightment
An agreement by an owner or operator to lift an agreed number of cargoes over a period of time. 1
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C.S.I
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Container Security Initiative.
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C-TPAT
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Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism. 6
The term is used in the context of maritime security concerning U.S. transport operators.
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CY(Container Yard)
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Installation at which Full Container Load traffic and empty containers are received from or delivered to the shipper by or on behalf of the container carrier.
<http://www.fareasternfreightconference.com/img/NT90.pdf>
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Demurrage
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The charge imposed upon shippers for excess time taken to load an/or unload cargo at a port/terminal
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D.W.T
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Deadweight Tonnage
The maximum weight that a ship can safely carry when it is fully loaded, including passengers, crew, fuel, cargo, water and stores
DWT is often expressed in long tons or in metric tons. 2
The term is frequently used in the context of
Marine engineering, maritime trade.
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Drayage
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Rate charged for local hauling of cargo by cart and truck. 3
The term is used in the context of maritime finance, logistics and trade.
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Dry Cargo
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Cargo, which, other than liquid, is carried in bulk.1
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Dry Cargo Ship
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A vessel which carries all cargo, excluding liquid in bulk.1
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Dry Dock
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An enclosed basin into which a ship is taken for underwater cleaning and repairing. It is equipped with water tight entrance gates which when closed allow the dock to be pumped dry. 1
The term is used in the context of marine design, engineering and vessel construction.
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E.T.A
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Estimated Time of Arrival. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of maritime navigation, logistics and terminal operations.
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E.T.D
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Estimated Time of Departure. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of maritime navigation, logistics and terminal operations.
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FCL(Full Container Load)
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Refers generally to Container loads of cargo loaded at and/or unloaded from shippers Premises
<http://www.fareasternfreightconference.com/img/NT90.pdf>
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Freight
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Money payable when cargo is delivered in mercantile condition. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of maritime finance and trade
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Freight Rate
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The charge made for the transportation of freight. 1
The term is frequently used in the context of maritime finance, more specifically to cargo pricing.
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Handymax
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Dry cargo vessel of about 45,000 d.w.t. 1
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Handysize
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Dry cargo vessel of about 25,000 d.w.t.1
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Hold
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A general term which refers to the spaces below the main deck, designated for stowage of general cargo. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, safety and logistics.
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IMO
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International Maritime Organization
Established in 1958 through the United Nations to coordinate international maritime safety and related practices. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime law, security, engineering, safety and environmental management.
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Intermodalism
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The concept of using ocean, inland waterways, rail and road to transport goods in containers. 1
The term is used frequently in the context of logistics and transport planning.
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LCL( less than Container Load)
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Refers generally to cargo in any quantity that is intended for carriage in a container, which the Container ship is responsible for packing and/or unpacking
<http://www.fareasternfreightconference.com/img/NT90.pdf>
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NVOCC
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Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier
A transport company which does not operate shipping vessels, and which consolidates cargo into small shipments, issues its own bill of lading, purchases vessel space from carriers and then sublets it to mostly smaller shippers
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Non-Self-Sustaining Containership.
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A containership that does not have a built-in capability to load or offload containers, and requires port crane service. 4
The term is used in the context of maritime transportation, logistics and trade
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Off-Load
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The discharge of cargo from a ship.1
The term is used in the context of maritime logistics and transportation.
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OOCL
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Orient Overseas Container Line
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OOIL
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Orient Overseas (International) Limited
A company with total revenues in excess of US$4.1 billion, and has three principal business activities: container transport and logistics services, ports and terminals, and property development and investment. Listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, the OOIL Group has more than 160 offices in 50 countries.8
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Panamax
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A vessel that is designed to transit the Panama Canal. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime construction, transportation and trade.
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Partial Containership
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A ship with a portion of its cargo space specially designed and equipped for the exclusive carriage of containers without associated equipment. Remainder of cargo space is available for non-containerized cargo. The ship may or may not be a self-sustaining containership.5
The term is used in the context of maritime trade and transportation.
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Port of Discharge
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Port where cargo is unloaded from vessel.7
The term is frequently used on the context of maritime navigation, cargo scheduling and terminal operations.
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Port of Loading
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Port where cargo is loaded to vessel.7
The term is frequently used on the context of maritime navigation, cargo scheduling and terminal operations.
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RO/RO
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Roll-On Roll Off
A system of loading and unloading a ship whereby the cargo is driven on and off on ramps. The ship is equipped with large openings at the bow and stern and sometimes also in the side, which allows rapid loading and unloading using hydraulically operated ramps. 1
RO/RO ship � A freight ship equipped with the RO/RO system
The term is used in the context of maritime logistics, terminal operations
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Seashed
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A temporary deck in container ships for transport of large military vehicles and outsized breakbulk cargo that will not fit into containers. 3
The term is used in the context of naval and maritime transportation
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Stern
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The rear end of a ship.3
The term is used in the context of marine engineering, construction and navigation.
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Self-Sustaining Containership
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A containership installed with cranes which are capable of loading and off-loading containers without the assistance of port crane service. 4
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, logistics and terminal operations.
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Self-Trimming Ship
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A ship whose holds are shaped in such a way that the cargo levels itself.1
The term is used in the context of marine architecture, engineering and logistics.1
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Self-Unloader
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A bulk carrier which is equipped with its own gear for unloading cargo.1
The term is used frequently in the context of maritime logistics, terminal operations.
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Semi-submersible
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Deck supported by pillars, fastened to pontoons.
The pontoons are half submerged during operations. Kept in position by anchors (or by dynamic positioning). Normally equipped with its own propulsion machinery.1
The term is used in the context of maritime and naval logistics, offshore drilling and construction.
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SHEX
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Sundays, Holidays excluded.1
The term is used in the context of maritime logistics, navigation and terminal operations.
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SHINC
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Sundays, Holidays included. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime logistics, navigation and terminal operations.
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Shifting
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Refers to movements or changing positions of cargo from one place to another. Shifting can easily endanger the seaworthiness or cargoworthiness of the ship.1
The term is used in the context of maritime navigation and logistics.
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Ship�s Articles
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A written agreement between the master of a ship and the crew concerning their employment. It includes rates of pay and capacity of each crewman, the date of commencement of the voyage and its duration.1
The term is used in the context of maritime law and arbitration.
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Ship�s agent
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A person or firm who transacts all businesses in a port on behalf of shopowners or charterers. Also called shipping agent; agent.1
The term is used in the context of maritime trade, law and terminal operations.
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Shippers
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Individuals or businesses who purchase transportation services or commodities.1
The term is used in the context of logistics, transportation and trade.
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| Slot Charter |
A term used in the context of maritime law and shipping alliances, it involves a contractual agreement between partners of a container shipping alliance to exchange cargo space on board vessels under their control
Source:-
Ryoo D.K., Thanopoulou H. A. (1999), �Liner alliances in the globalization era: a strategic tool for Asian container carriers�, Maritime Policy and Management, 26, 4, 349-367.
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ST
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Short Ton
Tonnage of 200 pounds. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime trade and logistics.
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SOLAS
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Safety of Life at Sea Convention.
The most important treaty protecting the safety of merchant ships. The first version of the treaty was passed in 1914 in response to the sinking of the RMS Titanic.2
The term is used in the context of maritime law and safety.
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SP
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Safe Port.1
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SPFA
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Sale and Purchase Forward Agreement. A Forward contract on the second hand value of a generic vessel. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime law and commerce.
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Spot (Voyage)
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A charter for a particular vessel to move a single cargo between specified loading port(s) and discharge port(s) in the immediate future. Contract rate (�spot� rate) covers total operating expenses, i.e., bunkers, port charges, canal tolls, crew�s wages and food, insurance and repairs. Cargo owners absorb, in addition, any expenses specifically levied against the cargo. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime trade, finance and law
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S.S.
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Steamship1
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Stem
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Cargo for the vessel. 1
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Stevedore
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Terminal operator who is designated to facilitate the operation of loading and discharging vessels and various terminal activities. Also known as longshoreman. 6
The term is used in the context of maritime logistics and terminal operations
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Store
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A general term for provisions, materials and supplies used aboard ship for the maintenance of the crew, and for the navigation, propulsion and upkeep of the vessel and its equipment. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime transportation, navigation and logistics.
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Stowage
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The placing of goods in a ship in such a way so as to ensure the safety and stability of the ship not only on a sea or ocean passage but also in between ports when parts of the cargo have been loaded or discharged. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering and safety.
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Stowage Factor
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Cubic space (measurement tons occupied by one tonne (2204 lbs or 1000 kgs of cargo)). 1
The term is used in the context of marine design, engineering and logistics.
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Stranding
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The running of a ship on shore on a beach. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime navigation and safety.
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Suezmax
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Tanker of about 120,000 to 200,000 d.w.t. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, transportation, logistics, and bulk trade.
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Supramax
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Dry Cargo Vessel of about 52,000 d.w.t. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, transportation, logistics, and bulk trade.
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Third Party Ship Management
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A new practice in the management of a shipping business. Professional, salaried managers, with no ownership interests assume management responsibility of a shipping business�s assets, including its vessels.
Source:-
The term is used in the context of maritime management and policy.
Mitroussi, K. (2004) �The ship-owners� stance on third party ship management: an empirical study�, Maritime Policy and Management, 31, 1, 31-45.
Mitroussi, K. (2003) �Third party ship management: the case of separation of ownership and management in the shipping context�, Maritime Policy and Management, 30, 1, 77-90.
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Tanker
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A bulk carrier which is designed to carry liquid cargo, usually petroleum products.
Oil tankers vary in size from small coastal vessels of 1,500 tons deadweight, through medium-sized ship of 60,000 tons, to the giant VLCCs (very large crude carriers). 1
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, design, transportation, logistics, and liquid bulk trade.
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TBN
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To be named/To be nominated. 1
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T/C
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Time Charter
In a time charter, charterers can use the ship for a specific trip or period of time, during which they may direct the vessel within the trading limits agreed. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime law and trade.
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T/C
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Time Charter Equivalent
The revenue generated per day when converting voyage (freight) to timecharter. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime law and trade.
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TEU
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Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (containers): A measurement of cargo carrying capacity on a containership, referring to a common container size of 20ft in length. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime logistics, container trade and terminal operations.
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Terminal Handling Charge(THC)
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A charge assessed by the terminal for handling FCLs at ocean terminals.
This term is often used in the context of liner shipping and conferences
<http://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/paftad/documents/Conference.Papers/Paper%20Shipping%20Cartel.PDF>
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Time Bar
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Time after which legal claims will not be entertained. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime law and arbitration
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Title XI
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A ship financing guarantee program. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime finance and trade.
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Ton-Mile
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A measurement used in transportation economics to designate one ton being moved one mile. This is useful to the shipper because it includes the distance to move a commodity in the calculation. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime transportation economics, logistics and trade.
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Top-Off
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To fill a ship which is already partly loaded with cargo. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime trade and terminal operations.
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Trading Limits
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Maritime area usually specified by a range of ports in which a vessel may operate. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime navigation and trade.
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Tramp Service
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Vessels operating without a fixed itinerary or schedule or charter contract. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime trade, navigation and terminal operations
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Tweendecker
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A vessel of two or more decks for the carriage of general cargo including bagged and/or mixed general cargoes and containers. Most tweendeckers are also suitable for bulk cargoes. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, logistics and trade.
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ULCC
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Ultra Large Crude Carrier
Tanker larger than 300,000 d.w.t. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, transportation, logistics, and liquid bulk trade.
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Underway at Sea
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A phrase used in marine insurance to refer to a ship which is free from its moorings and ready to sail. 1
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VLCC
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Very Large Crude Carriers
Tankers between 200,000 and 300,000 d.w.t. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime engineering, transportation, logistics, and liquid bulk trade.
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Voyage Charter
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A contract whereby a shipowner places the vessel at the disposal of the charterer for one or more voyages shipowner, with the shipowner being responsible for the operation of the vessel. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime law and trade.
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Weather Working Day
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A working day or part of a working day during which it is or if the vessel is waiting for her turn, it would be possible to load/discharge the cargo without interference due to the weather. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime trade, logistics and terminal operations.
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WIBON
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Whether in berth or not. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime navigation, terminal operations
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Worldscale
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An index which represents the cost of time chartering a tanker for a specific voyage at any given time. The index is given at Worldscale 100, which represents the price in dollars per ton for carrying the oil at that rate. The negotiated rate will be some percentage of the index value.1
The term is used in the context of maritime liquid bulk trade, and tanker charter pricing
<http://www.worldscale.co.uk/Worldscale/home_start.asp>
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WW
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Weather Working. 1
The term is used in the context of maritime navigation, logistics and terminal operations.
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